Preheat and prep: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil.
Par-cook the pasta: Cook the pasta for 2 minutes less than the package suggests.
Drain and set aside. It will finish in the oven.
Season the chicken: Pat the chicken dry. Season with 1 teaspoon salt, 1/2 teaspoon black pepper, and half the Italian seasoning.
Sear the chicken: Warm olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the chicken and cook until lightly browned and just cooked through, about 4–6 minutes. Transfer to a plate.
Build the sauce base: Lower heat to medium. Add butter to the same skillet.
Stir in garlic, remaining Italian seasoning, and red pepper flakes. Cook 30–60 seconds until fragrant.
Add flavor boosters: Stir in tomato paste and Dijon, if using, for 30 seconds. Add chopped sun-dried tomatoes.
Deglaze and simmer: Pour in chicken broth, scraping up browned bits.
Stir in heavy cream. Simmer 2–3 minutes until slightly thickened. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Cheese it up: Remove from heat and stir in Parmesan until melted and smooth.
The sauce should coat a spoon.
Combine: In a large bowl, mix the pasta, seared chicken, and sauce. Fold gently to coat everything evenly.
Assemble the casserole: Spread the mixture into the prepared dish. Top with mozzarella and a little extra Parmesan for a golden crust.
Bake: Bake uncovered for 18–22 minutes, until bubbly and lightly browned.
For extra color, broil 1–2 minutes at the end, watching closely.
Rest and garnish: Let it rest 5–10 minutes so the sauce sets. Sprinkle with chopped basil or parsley before serving.